English Learners, Academic Literacy, and Thinking

Book excerpt: The author presents and discusses in detail five broad areas that enable English learners to participate in high-quality learning across the curriculum: engaging deeply with intellectual contexts; developing academic literacy; employing reading strategies and improving comprehension; gaining writing independence and learning content-area genres; using classroom talk to make sense of new concepts and as a bridge to writing. Based on these areas she then presents guidelines on designing long-term, high-quality instruction that simultaneously provides explicit scaffolding for English learners. Gibbons makes these guidelines an instructional reality through examples of rich activities and tasks that can be used across the curriculum and that support the learning of all students.