Nephrology is an important speciality; patients with acute or chronic kidney failure are encountered in every medical and surgical speciality, as well as in gen

Optimal functioning of kidneys is essential for leading a healthy life. These maintain and regulate the fluid, electrolyte and acid-base concentration in the bo

Radiology plays an invaluable role in the initial diagnosis and subsequent management of patients and this fully revised and updated new edition of Lecture Note

Gastroenterology is a critically important specialty in medicine, encompassing the GI tract and two vital organs - the pancreas and the liver. Gastroenterology:

Neurology is a rapidly advancing core topic within the clinical curriculum and students and junior doctors are expected to recognise, understand and know how to